AUTHOR=Chen Chaoyang , Sun Mengting , Ji Xiaoxia , Ge Lin , Xu Jia , Cai Mengyuan 
  
TITLE=Optimization of a TEEDA–based initiation system for SDS–PAGE
  
JOURNAL=Acta Biochimica Polonica
  
VOLUME=Volume 73 - 2026
  
YEAR=2026
  
URL=https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/acta-biochimica-polonica/articles/10.3389/abp.2026.17215
  
DOI=10.3389/abp.2026.17215
  
ISSN=1734-154X
  
ABSTRACT=Polyacrylamide gel preparation for SDS–PAGE is conventionally initiated by the ammonium persulfate (APS)–TEMED system. Although effective, the relatively high volatility of TEMED may increase operator exposure during routine laboratory use. In this study, N,N,N′,N–tetraethylethylenediamine (TEEDA) was systematically evaluated as an alternative accelerator for SDS–PAGE gel preparation. TEEDA alone produced polymerization and protein separation performance comparable to those of the conventional TEMED–APS system, although higher concentrations (8.3 mM in 10% separating gels and 17.4 mM in 5% stacking gels) were required than those of TEMED (4.0 mM and 6.7 mM, respectively). When TEEDA concentrations comparable to those of TEMED were used, supplementation with 0.1% SBS in separating gels and 0.01% SBS in stacking gels restored polymerization and protein separation performance to levels comparable with those of the conventional TEMED–APS system. These findings provide an optimized TEEDA–based formulation for routine SDS–PAGE.