AUTHOR=Tu Thai Anh , Tin Nguyen Van , Rhodes Anthony , Anh Dinh Bui Quynh , Dao Le Thi Hong , Linh Nguyen Thi Truc , Nhu Dinh Thi Khanh , Nhung Nguyen Thi Hong , Cam Lam Thanh , Hanh Ngo Thi Minh , Cuong Pham Nguyen , Toan Nguyen Thanh , Tuyen Nguyen Khac , Khanh Do Dinh , Ngan Tran Thi Truc , Thy Lam Kieu Mong , Thanh Nguyen Van , Tuan Nguyen Quang , Nguyen Vo Ngoc , Nhu Le Thi Thuy , Bao Nguyen Dam Chau 

TITLE=Reproducibility of Immunohistochemical Testing of Estrogen Receptors, Progesterone Receptors, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) and Ki-67 in Vietnam

JOURNAL=British Journal of Biomedical Science

VOLUME=Volume 82 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/british-journal-of-biomedical-science/articles/10.3389/bjbs.2025.15455

DOI=10.3389/bjbs.2025.15455

ISSN=2474-0896

ABSTRACT=ContextImmunohistochemical (IHC) testing of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 and Ki-67 on breast cancer samples is carried out in the majority of clinical departments to predict response to therapies and to determine prognosis. Issues surrounding the reproducibility of testing are well documented and guidelines recommend laboratories participate in external quality assessment (EQA) in order to ensure reliability of results.ObjectiveTo assess the reproducibility of IHC testing for these markers in hospitals from the south, north, and centre of Vietnam, estimated to be approximately half of all clinical hospitals in the country performing these tests.DesignAs cases are referred for testing between hospitals, an EQA ring study was designed that included the testing of samples from all participating laboratories. Participants were provided with unstained slides of invasive breast carcinomas with different expression levels for ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67.ResultsThere was a significant level of reproducibility for all four biomarkers, with ER testing giving the least variation in results (kappa 0.822, coefficient of variation [CV] 4.8%) and Ki-67 the greatest variation (kappa 0.647 CV 17%). However, 328/392 (84%) and 317/392 (81%) of the Ki-67 evaluations were in agreement when employing the clinically relevant cut points of ≥30% and ≥20%, respectively. The reproducibility of testing for HER2-low expression was relatively poor (kappa 0.323, 95% CI 0.223–0.424), compared to overall agreement for HER2 testing (kappa 0.794, 95% CI 0.753–0.836).ConclusionThis is the first EQA ring study held within Vietnam for ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67 and sets the base line as to the current level of reproducibility in the country. Continued participation in the program will help ensure the reliability of testing for clinical use.