AUTHOR=Rista Elvana , Spasovski Goce , Rebic Damir , Lausevic Mirjana , Radunovic Danilo , Godanci Vjollca , Strakosha Ariana , Idrizi Alma , Saliaj Kristi , Akin Emin Baris , Stojanovic Jelena , Ortiz Fernanda , Lefaucheur Carmen , Potena Luciano , Chatzixiros Efstratios , Azzi Jamil , Mey Devi 
  
TITLE=Kidney Transplantation in Western Balkans: A Regional Blueprint for Access, Capacity, and Equity
  
JOURNAL=Transplant International
  
VOLUME=Volume 39 - 2026
  
YEAR=2026
  
URL=https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/transplant-international/articles/10.3389/ti.2026.15952
  
DOI=10.3389/ti.2026.15952
  
ISSN=1432-2277
  
ABSTRACT=There is no medical field where the impact of medical evolution is more palpable than in kidney transplantation. The pioneers of this procedure, 70 years ago, laid out the foundation for organ transplantation in general and kidney transplantation in particular. Despite the incredible advancements that have been made since, huge differences exist worldwide in terms of access, equity and quality of care. Nowhere are these disparities more prominent than in developing countries with limited resources, underfunded healthcare systems and transplantation infrastructures, particularly the Western Balkans. This position paper delineates the biggest barriers hindering the development of kidney transplantation in the Western Balkans, put forth and agreed upon by a group of regional experts on the field, based on the Modified Delphi Method. Limitations in training, infrastructure, restrictive and outdated legislative practices, lack of a centralized coordination network and fragmented regional collaboration, emerged as the principal challenges. Endorsed by European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT), this paper outlines a pragmatic and practical framework to overcome these obstacles, towards building robust and sustainable transplantation programs that ensure high-quality and equitable access to kidney transplantation, for all patients in this region.